Argument Outline Format
The goal of an argument outline is to present a thesis (a claim) in a very clear form, to show why someone would support that claim, and to defend it against an attack. The critique of ideas in real life is more complex than this, often including fallacies such as changing the subject or failing to be clear. The more we can practice a simplified and formalized method of presenting and defending claims, the better we will become at expressing and supporting our beliefs in less-than-ideal circumstances—and the better we will become at spotting others’ failures to do so.
Each argument outline should be between 5 and 10 sentences long. It should fit on a single page. Use complete sentences. Your points should be very clear and devoid of ambiguity. Use examples if necessary.
For each of the four assignments, I will provide you with a specific topic or range of topics, a source of background information (you may also do your own research), and possibly some constraints on the type of position you may choose.
1. Issue Statement (1 to 3 sentences)
State what the problem is and why we should be concerned with finding a solution. This is the place to provide factual, historical, or political background. Do not take a stand at this point or offer a solution. You may wish to define the options at this point. Keep it narrow and cite your information sources.
2. Position Statement (1 sentence)
State your claim. You will use a word like “should” or “ought.” Be very clear: if you use the word “we,” make sure it is clear who falls into the category of “we.” Is it everyone alive? Everyone in the U.S.? College students? Utilitarians? Keep the claim focused.
3. Support (1 or 2 sentences)
Provide one or two reasons in support of your position.
4. Objection (1 or 2 sentences)
Consider a reasonably good objection to your position. This is difficult to do, admittedly. A rule of thumb is to pick the strongest objection you can think of. If it is so strong that you cannot find a way of responding to it, that may be a sign that your position is overstated or that you are not really committed to it. If you pick an objection that is too weak, you will miss an opportunity to strongly support your position. The objection should be one that someone might actually try to use to undermine your position.
5. Response to the objection (1 or 2 sentences)
This should respond specifically to the objection and should not be merely a restatement of #2 or #3.
